In some embodiments, the present methods solve the following challenges and problems compared to other D-xylose based MEG (or glycolic acid) production methods, as well as other D-xylose based MEG and co-product production methods: a process depending on xylose (availability/market limitations, high price or low purity, slower and less efficient uptake than D-glucose) glucose induced inhibition of D-xylose utilization. In further embodiments, the present methods further allow utilization of D-glucose, D-xylose, and/or various other sugars or mixtures with the same high yield of MEG or glycolic acid compared to other glucose based MEG or glycolic acid production methods. In some embodiments, the present methods solve or reduce the following problems compared to other glucose based MEG (or glycolic acid) production methods: ATP shortage large NADH excess low overall product yield potential. In further embodiments, the enzyme reactions of the disclosure allow for high yield MEG (or glycolic acid), or MEG (or GA) and co-products production from a mixture of C5 and/or C6 sugar monomers and/or oligomers. In other embodiments, the enzyme reactions of the disclosure allow for high yield MEG (or glycolic acid), or MEG (or GA) and co-products produced from a variety of sugar oligomers which can be readily broken down to the corresponding monomers. In some embodiments, the enzyme reactions of the disclosure allow for high yield MEG (or glycolic acid), or MEG (or GA) and one or more coproducts produced from glucose, xylose or various other sugars than can enter into the pentose phosphate pathway. This disclosure allows the conversion of a variety of C5 and C6 sugars, without carbon loss, to broadly usable key intermediates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and glycolaldehyde, relying mainly on natural, proven reactions, by introducing just one new reaction catalyzed by a pentose-phosphate aldolase. Thus there exists a need for improved biosynthesis pathways for the production of MEG and other chemical compounds useful in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. However, these pathways are challenging to implement, with loss of product yield, redox balance and excess biomass formation being some major obstacles to overcome. To develop more environmentally friendly processes for the production of MEG, researchers have engineered microorganisms with biosynthetic pathways to produce MEG. However, the compounds are currently produced from precursors that originate from fossil fuels, which contribute to climate change. For example, isobutene is a small, highly reactive molecule that is used extensively as a platform chemical to manufacture a wide variety of products including fuel additives, rubber and rubber additives, and specialty chemicals. Alkenes (such as ethylene, propylene, different butenes, and pentenes, for example) are used in the plastics industry, fuels, and in other areas of the chemical industry. Compounds such as monoethylene glycol (MEG), glycolic acid, acetone, isopropanol (IPA), propene, serine, glycine, monoethanolamine, and ethylenediamine are valuable as raw material in the production of products like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins (from MEG), plastic polypropylene (from propene), polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers (from glycolic acid) and polyurethane fibers (from ethylenediamine). BACKGROUNDĪ large number of chemical compounds are currently derived from petrochemicals. 18, 2020, and is being submitted electronically via EFS-Web. The text file is about 641 KB, was created on Feb. The name of the text file containing the Sequence Listing is BRSK-007_02US_ST25.txt. The Sequence Listing associated with this application is provided in text format in lieu of a paper copy, and is hereby incorporated by reference into the specification. The application further relates to compositions comprising one or more of these compounds and/or the recombinant microorganisms. The application further relates to methods of producing monoethylene glycol or monoethylene glycol and one or more co-product from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as methods of producing glycolic acid or glycolic acid and one or more co-product from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars using the recombinant microorganisms. This application additionally relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of glycolic acid or glycolic acid and one or more co-product from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars. This application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol or monoethylene glycol and one or more co-product from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars. 20, 2019, entitled “DEGRADATION PATHWAY FOR PENTOSE AND HEXOSE SUGARS”, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
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